Sep/100
Professor A.W.H (Bill) Phillips with Phillip’s Machine c1958-67
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Professor A.W.H (Bill) Phillips with Phillip’s Machine c1958-67
Image by LSE Library
Extracts from ‘The Phillips Machine Project’ by Nicholas Bar, LSE Magazine, June 1988, No75, p.3
A.W. H. ‘Bill’ Phillips is known worldwide as the originator of the Phillips Curve. Less well known is the remarkable man he was personally, and his extraordinary route to academic prominence via what came to be called the Phillips Machine.
Trained as an electrical engineer in his native New Zealand in the 1930s, he caught the travel bug and took up an engineering job in the Australian outback, where he also earned money by running a cinema and hunting crocodiles. He reached London in 1938 via the Trans-Siberian railway and joined the RAF at the outbreak of war. He was captured in Java and spent most of the war in a Japanese POW camp, where he learned Chinese and some Russian from fellow prisoners.
Back in Britain he took the BSc (Econ) 1946-49, special subject sociology. He developed a great interest in economics…and like many of his generation, became very caught up with Keynesian theory. Though fascinated he found the Keynesian model hard going. With Walter Newlyn (an undergraduate contemporary, later Professor of Economics at Leeds University) to help with the economic theory, he fell back on his engineering training. He saw that money stocks could be represented as tanks of water, and monetary flows by water circulating round plastic tubes.
With a grant of £100 (obtained with Newlyn’s help) he spent the summer of 1949 in a garage in Croydon ‘living on air’ as James Meade was later to put it, working on a hydraulic representation of the Keynesian model.
In the machine he constructed, the circular flow of income was represented by water being pumped round a series of clear plastic tubes, with outflows representing savings, taxes and imports, and inflows representing investment, government spending and exports. The model had three tanks representing the stock of money, one for transaction balances and one for foreign-held sterling balances. The whole system determined the level of income, the rate of interest, imports, exports and the exchange to an accuracy (astonishing at the time) of +two per cent. The time path of income and the other variables was traced out by plotter pens making it possible to analyse the quantitative effects of economic policy.
The machine, in the jargon, was a hydraulic representation of an open economy IS-LM model with an explicit underlying dynamic structure. It was this very Heath Robinson prototype which, with the enthusiastic support of James Meade (then Professor of Commerce at the School), Phillips demonstrated to Lionel Robbins’ seminar in November 1949. Those attending gazed in wonder at this large (7ft high x 5ft wide x 3ft deep) ‘thing’ in the middle of the room. Phillips, chain smoking, paced back and forth explaining it in a heavy New Zealand drawl, in the process giving one of the best lectures on Keynes that anyone in the audience had ever heard. Then he switched the machine on. And it worked! According to Lord Robbins’ recollections, “there was income dividing itself into consumption and saving…Keynes and Robertson need never have quarrelled if they had had the Phillips Machine before them”…Phillips was made an Assistant Lecturer in Economics in 1950, Lecturer 1951, Reader 1954, and Tooke Professor of Economic Science and Statistics in 1958 (the year his Phillips Curve paper was published). He took up a Chair at the Australian National University in 1967 and, having suffered a major stroke, retired to Auckland in 1970, where he died five years later aged 60, mourned by many friends for personal as much for professional reasons.’
Reference: IMAGELIBRARY/6
Persistent URL: archives.lse.ac.uk/dserve.exe?dsqServer=lib-4.lse.ac.uk&a…
Fort Parker State Park – Fish Rearing Ponds – SP.44_026
Image by Texas State Archives
Fish rearing ponds, including city of Mexia pump station, center line profile pond no. 1, typical section drainage ditch, typical details of outlet structures, plan.
Specific date: 3/9/1939
Draftsman: Dunlap, J.T. Pencil on paper. LN: 36.125 x WD: 24.00
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Sep/100
Sweet Structures photos
A few nice structures images I found:
Arch Bridge, Keene NH
Image by Keene and Cheshire County (NH) Historical Photos
TITLE
Arch Bridge, Keene NH
CREATOR
Meriden Gravure Co., Meriden CT
SUBJECT
Bridges – NH – Keene
Rivers – NH – Keene
Stone bridges – NH – Keene
DESCRIPTION
Postcard of the (Double) Arch (Stone) Bridge in Keene New Hampshire, built about 1840. This bridge was on Upper Court St. and was replaced in 1950. The new bridge is a little south of the stone structure.
PUBLISHER
Keene Public Library
DATE DIGITAL
20071128
DATE ORIGINAL
RESOURCE TYPE
photographic postcards
FORMAT
image/jpg
RESOURCE IDENTIFIER
hsykbrg034
RIGHTS MANAGMENT
No known restriction on publication.
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Sep/100
Amazing Structures images
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Branch (Pottery) Bridge, Keene NH
Image by Keene and Cheshire County (NH) Historical Photos
TITLE
Branch (Pottery) Bridge, Keene NH
CREATOR
Keene Camera Club
SUBJECT
Bridges – NH – Keene
Rivers – NH – Keene
Stone bridges – NH – Keene
DESCRIPTION
Photograph of the "Stone Bridge, Main Street, over East Branch." "This stone bridge had four arches, and was completed Nov.2, 1839, at a cost of about 00, and being erected on firm foundations, its life was estimated by its builders to be not less than 1,000 years. But, without deterioration of its structure, in less than 100 years it was replaced by the present cement bridge." Also called the Four Arch Bridge.
PUBLISHER
Keene Public Library
DATE DIGITAL
20071121
DATE ORIGINAL
RESOURCE TYPE
photographic postcards
FORMAT
image/jpg
RESOURCE IDENTIFIER
hsykkpc038
RIGHTS MANAGMENT
No known restriction on publication.
Swans and ducks
Image by The Field Museum Library
Swans and ducks in enclosure, wood structure and water nearby. Lincoln Park Zoo. 1900.
Original size and material: 4×5 inch glass negative
Digital Identifier: Z79939
Part of the Illinois Urban Landscapes Project: www.fieldmuseum.org/urbanlandscapes/
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Sep/100
Sweet Structures photos
Some cool structures images:
Cheshire House in Keene NH
Image by Keene and Cheshire County (NH) Historical Photos
TITLE
Cheshire House, Main Street, Keene NH
CREATOR
C.T. American Art Co.
SUBJECT
Hotels – NH – Keene
Business districts – NH – Keene
Stores and shops – NH – Keene
Buildings – NH – Keene
Carriages and coaches – NH – Keene
DESCRIPTION
Postcard of the Cheshire House hotel on Main Street and Roxbury Street in Keene New Hampshire. The site is that of the former Phoenix Hotel, which burned on April 6, 1836, destroying all but its brick walls. A group of businessmen raised a fund to erect the Cheshire House, using some of the brick walls and the portico left standing from the Phoenix Hotel and it opened in Nov.1837. The Cheshire House was described as "a noble structure, its rooms airy and convenient, and the internal arrangements in full keeping with the inviting appearance of its external forms." The portico of the former hotel building was replaced in 1859 with a piazza extending across the front of the hotel.
PUBLISHER
Keene Public Library
DATE DIGITAL
20071114
DATE ORIGINAL
1900?-1919?
RESOURCE TYPE
photographic postcards
FORMAT
image/jpg
RESOURCE IDENTIFIER
hsykbdg039
RIGHTS MANAGMENT
No known restriction on publication.
Construction site during the building of the Story Bridge, Brisbane, ca. 1937
Image by State Library of Queensland, Australia
Photographer: George Jackman
Location: , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Date: 1937
Description: Timber support framework has been constructed to assist in the assemby of the steel structure of the bridge. A concrete pylon is in the centre of the view and the steel construction for the bridge has been commenced in the background. A large gantry crane is mounted on the framework and is lifting the heavy steel girders into place.
Information about State Library of Queensland’s collection: pictureqld.slq.qld.gov.au/
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Sep/100
Cool Structures images
Check out these structures images:
Along 6th Avenue North, Minneapolis
Image by Jewish Historical Society of the Upper Midwest
6th Avenue contained a mixture of single and multiple story structures housing businesses and residences on the upper floors
Date: 6/8/1922
Source: 15 x 20
Format: black and white photograph
Subject: Business and industry; Jewish Businesses
Coverage: Minneapolis; Hennepin; Minnesota; United States
Local Identifier: 4
Link to our record: http://reflections.mndigital.org/u?/jhs,643
From the Steinfeldt Photography Collection of the Jewish Historical Society of the Upper Midwest.
Sep/100
Cool Structures images
A few nice structures images I found:
Birdseye View of Baalbek and the Lebanons
Image by Oregon State University Archives
Image Title: Birdseye View of Baalbek and the Lebanons
Image Description from historic lecture booklet: "The Lebanon Mountains, 15 to 20 miles away, reach an altitude of 10,000 feel, and late in the summer, snow may be seen in several places. Around the walls on all sides are sparkling waters, flower gardens, and the rustling leaves of many graceful trees.
Baalbek is the Heliopolis of Greek and Roman authors, but we possess no written record regarding the city earlier than the third or fourth century of our era. It was formerly on of the most famous and important cities of Syria, and contained many palaces and monument. In 636 A.D. Baalbek fell into the hands of the Mohammedans, and in 748 A.D. was sacked by the Kalif of Damascus. The site is now occupied by a modern village and ruins of the ancient temple. The main attractions of Baalbek are these wonderful ruins, which surpass even those of Greece and Rome in the vastness of its temples. If one may judge from the crumbling ruins, no other structure so exquisitely beautiful ever enchanted the human eye."
Original Format: Lantern slides
Original Collection: Visual Instruction Department Lantern Slides
Item Number: P217:set 010 047
Restrictions: Permission to use must be obtained from the OSU Archives.
Click here to view The Best of the Archives.
Click here to view Oregon State University’s other digital collections.
We’re happy for you to share this digital image within the spirit of The Commons; however, certain restrictions on high quality reproductions of the original physical version may apply. To read more about what “no known restrictions” means, please visit the OSU Archives website.
The Tomb of Rachel, Near Bethlehem
Image by Oregon State University Archives
Image Title: The Tomb of Rachel, Near Bethlehem
Image Description from historic lecture booklet: "About five miles south of Jerusalem this white structure, [is] the tomb of Rachel (Gen.35:19,20). It is located upon the lonely mountain side, and forms an impressive picture without a human habitation near it."
Original Format: Lantern slides
Original Collection: Visual Instruction Department Lantern Slides
Item Number: P217:set 010 006
Restrictions: Permission to use must be obtained from the OSU Archives.
Click here to view The Best of the Archives.
Click here to view Oregon State University’s other digital collections.
We’re happy for you to share this digital image within the spirit of The Commons; however, certain restrictions on high quality reproductions of the original physical version may apply. To read more about what “no known restrictions” means, please visit the OSU Archives website.
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Sep/100
Untitled
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Untitled
Image by Smithsonian Institution
Description: Thomas Smillie was the Smithsonian’s first photographer and curator of photography. He and his studio staff were responsible for collecting and duplicating images brought back by scientists and curators traveling on business in other cities throughout the world, many of which often described the structures of other museums.
Creator/Photographer: Thomas Smillie
Birth Date: 1843
Death Date: 1917
Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1843, Thomas William Smillie immigrated to the United States with his family when he five years old. After studying chemistry and medicine at Georgetown University, he took a job as a photographer at the Smithsonian Institution, where he stayed for nearly fifty years until his death in 1917. Smillie’s duties and accomplishments at the Smithsonian were vast: he documented important events and research trips, photographed the museum’s installations and specimens, created reproductions for use as printing illustrations, performed chemical experiments for Smithsonian scientific researchers, and later acted as the head and curator of the photography lab. Smillie’s documentation of each Smithsonian exhibition and installation resulted in an informal record of all of the institution’s art and artifacts. In 1913 Smillie mounted an exhibition on the history of photography to showcase the remarkable advancements that had been made in the field but which he feared had already been forgotten.
Medium: Cyanotype
Culture: American
Date: 1890
Persistent URL: http://photography.si.edu/SearchImage.aspx?t=5&id=2068&q=RU95_Box76_035
Repository: Smithsonian Institution Archives
Collection: Thomas Smillie Collection (Record Unit 95) – Thomas Smillie served as the first official photographer for the Smithsonian Institution from 1870 until his death in 1917. As head of the photography lab as well as its curator, he was responsible for photographing all of the exhibits, objects, and expeditions, leaving an informal record of early Smithsonian collections.
Accession number: RU95_Box76_035
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Sep/100
Amazing Structures images
A few nice structures images I found:
Cheshire House in Keene NH
Image by Keene and Cheshire County (NH) Historical Photos
TITLE
Cheshire House, Main Street, Keene NH
CREATOR
Detroit Photographic Co.
SUBJECT
Hotels – NH – Keene
Business districts – NH – Keene
Stores and shops – NH – Keene
Buildings – NH – Keene
Carriages and coaches – NH – Keene
DESCRIPTION
Postcard of the Cheshire House hotel on Main Street and Roxbury Street in Keene New Hampshire. The site is that of the former Phoenix Hotel, which burned on April 6, 1836, destroying all but its brick walls. A group of businessmen raised a fund to erect the Cheshire House, using some of the brick walls and the portico left standing from the Phoenix Hotel and it opened in Nov.1837. The Cheshire House was described as "a noble structure, its rooms airy and convenient, and the internal arrangements in full keeping with the inviting appearance of its external forms." The portico of the former hotel building was replaced in 1859 with a piazza extending across the front of the hotel.
PUBLISHER
Keene Public Library
DATE DIGITAL
20071114
DATE ORIGINAL
1900?-1905?
RESOURCE TYPE
photographic postcards
FORMAT
image/jpg
RESOURCE IDENTIFIER
hsykbdg040
RIGHTS MANAGMENT
No known restriction on publication.
[Riverside landscape]
Image by Cornell University Library
Collection: Willard Dickerman Straight and Early U.S.-Korea Diplomatic Relations, Cornell University Library
Title: [Riverside landscape]
Date: ca. 1904
Place: Asia: North Korea
Type: Photographs
Description: An unknown site of cultural significance and age on a river’s bank. It could be the Taedong Riverin Pyongyang, a place we know Willard Strait visited. By inference, this might be the so-called Peony Point (Moran Bong). See the photograph of a likewise structure in ‘First Encounters – Korea 1880-1910′, p.61.
Inscription/Marks: No inscription
Identifier: 1260.60.09.37.02
Persistent URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1813.001/5xmp
There are no known U.S. copyright restrictions on this image. The digital file is owned by the Cornell University Library which is making it freely available with the request that, when possible, the Library be credited as its source.
We had some help with the geocoding from Web Services by Yahoo!
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Sep/100
Sweet Structures photos
Some cool structures images:
The Jewish Sheltering Home, North Minneapolis
Image by Jewish Historical Society of the Upper Midwest
The Jewish Sheltering Home, also known as the Oak Park Home, was a founded as a safe harbor for Jewish children unable to live with their families. The Minneapolis Jewish community paid for the structure and all of the care offered by staff. Children at the home attended nearby public schools and the Talmud Torah. Most stays at the Home were of relatively short duration.
Date: 1930
Source: 25.5 cm x 15.5 cm
Format: Black and white photo
Subject: Social issues; Social Service organizations–Shelters and Homes; Child welfare; North Minneapolis
Coverage: Minneapolis; Hennepin; Minnesota; United States
Local Identifier: 1035p
Link to our record: http://reflections.mndigital.org/u?/jhs,277
From the Steinfeldt Photography Collection of the Jewish Historical Society of the Upper Midwest.
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Sep/100
Mess, three men eating
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Mess, three men eating
Image by The Field Museum Library
Mess, three men eating under wooden structure. 1912.
Name of Expedition: Panama Canal Zone
Participants: Seth E. Meek, Samuel F. Hildebrand
Expedition Start Date: 1911
Expedition End Date: 1912
Purpose or Aims: Zoology (Fishes)
Location: Central America, Panama, Pedro Miguel (maybe), Pacific Ocean side
Original material: Hand-colored Lantern Slide
Digital Identifier: CSZ34014c
Learn more about The Field Museum’s Library Photo Archives.
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